Read the research for yourself.

Here are all 47: clinical trials, reviews, and other research on the ingredients, some of it on other formulations that contain them, nulls included. No clinical trial of the finished Serene Biotics formulas has been completed.

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Start with the ingredient you want to check.

Search by author, journal, or finding. Group headings show amounts per formula serving; individual studies use different doses, forms, and populations.

See the ingredient evidence in context

Showing 47 matching publications (47 in the library)

Bimuno® GOS prebiotic fiber

13 matching publications of 13 for this ingredient
Per formula serving1.37 gDay & night
  • Vulevic 2018 Neurogastroenterol Motil Primary evidence
    Crossover RCT n=83 Digestive

    At 1.37 g a day, adults with bloating and gas reported less bloating, less flatulence, and less abdominal discomfort by the end of week one, against both placebo and their own starting scores. Bowel movements, stool consistency and mood did not change. Funded by the ingredient's maker.

    Read on PubMed
  • Parker 2023 Eur J Sport Sci
    RCT human Gut & immune

    The longest Bimuno trial published: 24 weeks in elite rugby players, tracking gut and immune measures.

    Read on PubMed
  • Huaman 2018 Gastroenterology
    RCT human Digestive

    Improved digestive wellbeing and reduced bloating over the study period.

    Read on PubMed
  • Mego 2017a Aliment Pharmacol Ther
    Mechanistic RCT human Digestive

    The colon adapted to the prebiotic over time, a proof-of-concept for how gut bacteria metabolize it.

    Read on PubMed
  • Mego 2017b Neurogastroenterol Motil
    Mechanistic RCT human Digestive

    Colonic gas homeostasis adapted with continued use, reducing gas-related discomfort over time.

    Read on PubMed
  • Hasle 2017 J Travel Med
    RCT n=523 Gut & immune

    The largest and independently funded Bimuno trial (n=523) supported gut and immune resilience.

    Read on PubMed
  • Vulevic 2015 Br J Nutr
    RCT n=40 Gut & immune

    Modulated gut microbiota and immune parameters in older adults, alongside Vulevic 2008/2013.

    Read on PubMed
  • Schmidt 2015 Psychopharmacology
    RCT n=45 Stress & mind

    Studied the waking cortisol response and attention to emotional information in healthy adults, at a higher GOS dose than the Protocol provides.

    Read on PubMed
  • Vulevic 2013 J Nutr
    RCT n=45 Gut & immune

    Shifted the gut microbiota and improved immune and metabolic markers in overweight adults.

    Read on PubMed
  • Drakoularakou 2010 Eur J Clin Nutr
    RCT human Gut & immune

    Supported gut and immune resilience under travel stress in a placebo-controlled trial.

    Read on PubMed
  • Silk 2009 Aliment Pharmacol Ther
    Crossover RCT n=44 Digestive

    Increased beneficial bifidobacteria and improved digestive comfort over 12 weeks.

    Read on PubMed
  • Depeint 2008 Am J Clin Nutr
    Crossover RCT n=59 Prebiotic

    Selectively fed beneficial gut bacteria (a bifidogenic prebiotic effect) at a low daily dose.

    Read on PubMed
  • Vulevic 2008 Am J Clin Nutr
    RCT n=44 Gut & immune

    Increased beneficial bifidobacteria and supported immune markers in healthy older adults.

    Read on PubMed

L. plantarum DR7 probiotic

5 matching publications of 5 for this ingredient
Per formula serving1 billion CFUDay & night
  • Chong 2019a Benef Microbes Primary evidence
    RCT n=111 Stress & mind

    111 adults under moderate stress took 1 billion CFU a day, and by week 8 they reported a greater improvement in stress symptoms than the placebo group. Their speed on social-emotional and attention tasks improved too, most clearly in the older subgroup.

    Read on PubMed
  • Talbott 2026 J Med Food
    RCT n=60 Stress & mind

    The strain supplier's own trial, since peer reviewed: fatigue and confusion scores came out lower at 12 weeks, though those timepoints were post-hoc inside a trend that was not significant overall. Both groups also attended weekly lifestyle webinars.

    Read on PubMed
  • Altadill 2021 Microorganisms
    Re-analysis RCT human Immune

    A pre-registered re-analysis reporting a shorter measured duration of upper-respiratory episodes in the study population.

    Read on PubMed
  • Liu 2020 Int J Mol Sci
    RCT (cohort continuation) n=111 Gut

    Increased gut-microbiome diversity and improved gut comfort in stressed adults.

    Read on PubMed
  • Chong 2019b J Dairy Sci
    RCT n=109 Immune

    Upper-respiratory and immune outcomes did not separate from placebo overall. The differences that did show up came from an age subgroup analyzed after the fact.

    Read on PubMed

L-theanine

14 matching publications of 14 for this ingredient
Per formula serving200 mgMorning
  • Hidese 2019 Nutrients Primary evidence
    Crossover RCT n=30 Calm & sleep

    Four weeks at 200 mg a day left healthy adults scoring lower on stress-related symptoms, rating their sleep better, and doing better on a verbal fluency task.

    Read on PubMed
  • Matyus 2025 J Clin Med
    Meta-analysis 5 RCTs, n=148

    A meta-analysis showing faster visual processing and recognition (a narrow, specific cognitive benefit).

    Read on PubMed
  • Bulman 2025 Sleep Med Rev
    Meta-analysis 19 studies, n=897

    Across 19 papers covering 897 people, L-theanine left them rating their sleep better and struggling less the next day.

    Read the study
  • Moulin 2024 Neurol Ther
    RCT human Stress

    Over 28 days at 400 mg a day, adults under moderate stress reported less stress than placebo. Daily Calm Focus provides 200 mg. Cortisol measured across the same stretch did not differ.

    Read on PubMed
  • Evans 2021 Neurol Ther
    Crossover RCT n=16 Stress

    A single 200 mg dose, and an hour later the cortisol response was lower, with more alpha-wave activity alongside it. Sixteen adults.

    Read on PubMed
  • Williams 2020 Plant Foods Hum Nutr
    Systematic review review Review

    A systematic review concluding 200 to 400 mg per day may support a healthy stress response in stress-exposed people.

    Read on PubMed
  • Kahathuduwa 2018 Nutr Res
    Crossover RCT (fMRI) human Focus

    An fMRI companion study showing sharper target-specific attention and less mind-wandering.

    Read on PubMed
  • Kahathuduwa 2017 Nutr Neurosci
    Crossover RCT n=20 Focus

    At 200 mg, improved recognition and attention on a reaction-time task, with or without caffeine.

    Read on PubMed
  • White 2016 Nutrients
    Crossover RCT n=34 Stress

    200 mg in a nutrient drink lowered self-rated stress within an hour, and the cortisol response differed by three hours.

    Read on PubMed
  • Yoto 2012 J Physiol Anthropol
    RCT n=14 Stress

    At 200 mg, reduced tension and supported a calmer response to an acute stressor in high responders.

    Read on PubMed
  • Nobre 2008 Asia Pac J Clin Nutr
    RCT n=35 Calm

    Increased calm alpha-wave activity in the brain versus placebo.

    Read on PubMed
  • Kimura 2007 Biol Psychol
    RCT n=12 Stress

    At 200 mg, blunted the heart-rate and stress-marker response to an acute stressor.

    Read on PubMed
  • Lu 2004 Hum Psychopharmacol
    Crossover RCT n=16 Calm

    At 200 mg, improved a self-rated tranquil-versus-troubled state at rest.

    Read on PubMed
  • Kobayashi 1998 Nippon Nogeikagaku Kaishi
    Controlled trial human Calm

    The foundational 200 mg study showing increased alpha-wave generation, most pronounced in people prone to everyday tension.

    Read the study

Magnesium research

6 matching publications of 6 for this ingredient
Per formula serving200 mgNight
  • Schuster 2025 Nat Sci Sleep Primary evidence
    RCT n=155 Sleep

    In 155 adults sleeping poorly, 250 mg of elemental magnesium as bisglycinate beat placebo on insomnia severity over four weeks, by a small margin on a self-report scale. Nightly Rest & Restore uses that same bisglycinate form at 200 mg, a dose this trial did not test.

    Read on PubMed
  • Mah 2021 BMC Complement Med Ther
    Meta-analysis 3 RCTs

    Pooling three trials in older adults, magnesium shortened the time to fall asleep by about 17 minutes. The authors rated the underlying evidence low to very low quality.

    Read on PubMed
  • Pouteau 2018 PLoS One
    RCT n=264 Stress

    Adults with severe stress and low magnesium levels reported less stress on 300 mg a day. The trial ran without a placebo arm.

    Read on PubMed
  • Boyle 2017 Nutrients
    Systematic review 18 studies Review

    A systematic review of magnesium for subjective stress across 18 studies.

    Read on PubMed
  • Abbasi 2012 J Res Med Sci
    RCT n=46 Sleep

    46 older adults with primary insomnia took 500 mg a day of magnesium, as oxide, for 8 weeks. A supporting citation rather than a match for this formula: higher dose, and a different form from the bisglycinate in Nightly Rest & Restore.

    Read on PubMed
  • Schuette 1994 JPEN
    Absorption RCT human Absorption

    In 12 people with ileal resections, overall absorption did not differ between forms. Higher diglycinate absorption was found in four participants with the poorest oxide absorption. These results do not establish an advantage for everyone.

    Read on PubMed

B Vitamins

9 matching publications of 9 for this ingredient
Per formula serving5 formsMorning
  • Kennedy 2010 Psychopharmacology (Berl) Primary evidence
    RCT n=215 Stress & energy

    Over about a month, 215 men on a B-complex with vitamin C and minerals reported less stress and more vigor, and held up better on demanding mental tasks. That formulation is not the one in Daily Calm Focus.

    Read on PubMed
  • Docherty 2025 Eur J Clin Nutr
    RCT human Stress

    Over 12 weeks, older adults on a multivitamin stayed stressed for less time after a stressor. The mood results split by sex: less emotional loneliness in men, more friendliness in women.

    Read on PubMed
  • Pokushalov 2024 J Pers Med
    RCT n=54 Active forms

    Used the same active coenzyme forms we do (P-5-P and methylcobalamin) in a genotype-tailored trial.

    Read on PubMed
  • Lee 2023 Int J Med Sci
    Crossover RCT n=32 Energy

    After 28 days on a B-complex, people lasted longer in an exercise test and finished with less lactate and ammonia in the blood.

    Read on PubMed
  • Young 2019 Nutrients
    Meta-analysis B-vitamin RCTs

    Pooling the B-vitamin trials, stress scores came out lower than placebo. Depression and anxiety scores did not move.

    Read on PubMed
  • Ford 2018 Nutrients
    RCT n=32 Energy

    Six months of a high-dose B multivitamin raised B-vitamin status and lowered homocysteine, and changed how oxidative stress markers related to brain energy metabolism.

    Read on PubMed
  • Cochrane 2018 Cochrane Database Syst Rev
    Cochrane review n=27,882 Null result

    Across 27,882 people, B vitamins made little or no difference to general cognition.

    Read on PubMed
  • Long 2013 Psychosom Med
    Meta-analysis 8 RCTs

    Across 8 trials of 28 days or longer, people taking vitamins and minerals reported less stress, less fatigue, and less confusion. Depression scores did not change.

    Read on PubMed
  • Stough 2011 Hum Psychopharmacol
    RCT n=60 Stress

    Adults under work stress reported less personal strain and less confusion after 12 weeks on a high-dose B-complex. Other mood measures did not move.

    Read on PubMed
  • Morning and evening, formulated apart
  • L. plantarum DR7, with its own human trials
  • Prebiotic fiber paired with live culture
  • Each study linked to its source
  • Morning and evening, formulated apart
  • L. plantarum DR7, with its own human trials
  • Prebiotic fiber paired with live culture
  • Each study linked to its source
In both formulas, morning and evening

A prebiotic fiber, with its own evidence.

Bimuno GOS is a prebiotic: food for the beneficial bacteria already living in your gut. Thirteen of the publications in this index studied it, mostly for what it does to those bacteria and to digestive comfort. This research does not establish that GOS selectively feeds DR7 or that the finished formulas have the same effects.

The limits come with the findings.

  • A result belongs to the people who were studied.

    The findings describe the populations, ingredients, and formulations studied. They do not establish that Serene Biotics treats a condition or guarantees the same result.

  • Where our amounts match the studies, and where they do not.

    Each serving contains 1.37 g active GOS and 1 billion CFU DR7. Morning adds 200 mg L-theanine; evening adds 200 mg elemental magnesium. The highlighted trials used 1.37 g GOS, 1 billion CFU DR7, 200 mg L-theanine, and 250 mg magnesium daily, respectively.

  • Two ingredients together are a different question.

    The two-formula protocol supplies two servings of GOS and DR7 each day. Studies of either ingredient alone do not establish the effects of this combination. Individual responses vary.

At launch, your lot will carry its own lab report.

A code on the box will open the report for the exact lot in your hands, tested after it is made and before it ships.

A clinical trial reports outcomes in its study population. Finished-lot testing checks product specifications; it does not establish clinical effectiveness.

See how we verify

Find your daily ritual.

Daily Calm Focus is the caffeine-free morning formula. Nightly Rest & Restore is the melatonin-free evening formula.